| Membership fees | Usually none. You pay per visit through your plan's cost sharing. | A recurring retainer, often billed annually, quarterly, or monthly. Amounts vary widely by practice and region. | A flat periodic fee, most often monthly. Some practices set fees by age or household size. |
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| Insurance billing | The practice bills your insurer for covered visits. | Many practices still bill insurance or Medicare for covered visits. Some do not. Ask each practice. | Generally does not bill insurance for services included in the membership. |
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| Appointment availability | Varies by practice, region, and season. Many physicians care for large patient panels. | Practices typically limit how many patients each physician sees and describe shorter waits and longer visits. Terms are set by the agreement and are not guaranteed. | Practices typically limit panel size and describe shorter waits and longer visits. Terms are set by the agreement and are not guaranteed. |
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| Included services | The services your plan covers, subject to copays, coinsurance, and deductibles. | Defined by the membership agreement. Commonly access and communication features, longer visits, and care coordination. | A defined set of primary care services, such as office visits and basic in-office procedures, listed in the agreement. |
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| Additional costs | Plan cost sharing, plus any services your plan does not cover. | Cost sharing on visits billed to insurance, plus labs, imaging, prescriptions, and anything outside the agreement. | Labs, imaging, medications, and any service outside the agreement. Some practices arrange cash prices for these. |
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| Specialist services | By referral, billed to your insurance under your plan's rules. | Not part of the membership. The physician may help coordinate referrals. Specialists bill separately. | Not part of the membership. Specialists bill separately, through insurance or directly. |
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| Insurance considerations | Confirm the practice is in network and understand your deductible. | A membership is not insurance. Coverage is still needed for specialists, hospital care, and emergencies. Insurers generally do not pay the membership fee. | A membership is not insurance. Coverage is still needed for specialists, hospital care, and emergencies. Health savings account rules for these memberships changed in 2026. |
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